Instances (VMs)

In a Nutshell

Instances can be created via the Dashboard wizard, select: name →source → flavor → network → SSH key → launch. The source defines the base disk for the instance, usually a pre-configured image containing the operating system (Rocky, Ubuntu, etc.) and initial software optimized for cloud environments. The available resources of a virtual machine (vCPU, memory, etc.) are pre-defined by flavors. Choose a flavor that fits your workload and available quota when launching your instance To access your bwCloud-OS virtual machines, you must register an SSH key pair and assign it when creating instances. If you lose your private SSH key, you will lose access to your instance!

Creating Instances

How do I create a virtual machine using Dashboard (GUI)?

In the Dashboard, click Instances in the left-hand menu. On the new page, click Launch Instance. A dialog will open, guiding you through the configuration step by step:

• Details: Enter a meaningful name for your instance.

• Source: Select a source for the instance (image, snapshot, volume, etc.) — typically a preconfigured image (e.g., Debian X). Use the ↑ arrow to move the source into the Allocated list.
• Flavor: Choose a flavor based on your required vCPU, RAM, etc. If your quota is insufficient, a yellow warning icon will appear.
• Networks: Choose a network. Default settings are usually appropriate.
• Security Groups: No changes are mandatory at this point. You can adjust rules later if necessary.
• Key Pair: Select a registered public SSH key to be injected into the instance. This step is mandatory. Without a valid SSH key, remote access to the instance will not be possible.

After completing the required selections, click Launch Instance in the dialog. Once the instance has finished building and reaches the Running state, its IP address(es) will be shown in the Instances overview. You can then access the instance via its public IP address.

Can I also create instances automatically?

Instances can also be deployed automatically using tools like Ansible. Further details are available here.

Connecting to Instances

Why do I need an SSH key, and how can I get one?

To access your virtual machines, you need an SSH key pair. You can either use your existing keys or generate a new one through the bwCloud-OS Dashboard. Detailed instructions are available here.

How do I access my instance via SSH?

Once your instance is running, you can connect to it via SSH from Windows, macOS, or Linux using the following command:

ssh -i /path/to/private-key <username>@<ip-address>

The correct SSH username depends on the image used. You can find a list of default usernames here.

Can I replace a lost SSH key for my instance?

If you lose your private SSH key, it cannot be replaced — not even by the Support. Access to the instance is only possible if you previously enabled password login via the virtual console.

I no longer have access to my instance, what can I do?

A possible (but tedious) workaround is described here.

Resources of Instances

What are instance flavors, and which flavors are available?

bwCloud-OS offers various predefined resource packages, called flavors, which define the CPU, RAM, and disk size of an instance.

If your current quota does not allow the use of certain flavors, you can request a quota increase.

How can I assign more resources to a running instance?

If your project has sufficient quota (vCPU, RAM, etc.), you can resize an existing VM to a larger flavor. This process restarts the VM and updates its allocated resources.

While it is also possible to resize an instance to a smaller flavor (i.e. reduce its resources), this is not recommended, as it can lead to unpredictable behavior or system instability.

Important Notes:

• Data on attached volumes remains unchanged.
• The IP addresses remain unchanged.
• Back up important data before resizing.

Prerequisites:

• Enough quota available in the selected region
• A larger, compatible flavor is available (see Flavors)
• A short maintenance window is scheduled (brief downtime expected)

Step-by-Step Procedure:

1. Log in to the Dashboard and select the appropriate region in the top-left menu.
2. Navigate to Project → Compute → Instances.
3. Open the dropdown menu next to the instance you want to resize and select Resize Instance.
4. Select a larger flavor (e.g., from m1.small to m1.medium) and confirm with Resize.
5. Wait until the instance status changes to VERIFY_RESIZE and the VM becomes reachable again.

Verify & Confirm:

1. Check that the resources match (inside the instance):
   • RAM/CPU: free -h, nproc
   • Disk layout: lsblk, df -h
2. If everything works as expected, select Confirm Resize in the instance dropdown.
3. If issues occur, select Revert Resize to roll back to the previous flavor.

Further Notes:

• Attached data volumes are not resized automatically. To expand a volume:

1. Go to the Dashboard and use Volumes → Extend Volume.
2. Then resize the filesystem inside the instance using a command such as:
   • sudo resize2fs (for ext4)
   • sudo xfs_growfs (for XFS)